ENCOURAGECHANGE.: ENCOURAGECHANGE.: ENCOURAGECHANGE.: Coercive confinement in the Republic of Ireland: The waning of a culture of control -- O'Sullivan and O'Donnell 9 (1): 27 -- Punishment & Society

ENCOURAGECHANGE.: ENCOURAGECHANGE.: ENCOURAGECHANGE.: Coercive confinement in the Republic of Ireland: The waning of a culture of control -- O'Sullivan and O'Donnell 9 (1): 27 -- Punishment & Society: "'In 1951, despite high emigration providing a safety valve, more than 1 percent of the population was behind closed doors in prisons, borstal, reformatory and industrial schools, psychiatric institutions (as involuntary patients) and homes for unmarried mothers. This was eight times higher than in 2002.'"?